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Review of Zi Si’s birth and death and teacher inheritance
Author: Song Lilin
Source: Author Authorization Confucian Network Published
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Time: Confucius was in the 2570th year of Jihai month 21st Dingsi
href=”http://www.taiwanblog.net/Eric/%e5%96%ae%e8%ba%ab%e5%be%8b%e5%b8%ab%e4%b9%8b%e5%8c%85%e9%a4%8a%e6%97%a5%e8%a8%98-1-%e7%94%b7%e4 %ba%ba%e6%89%80%e5%b9%bb%e6%83%b3%e7%9a%84%e8%81%b7%e6%a5%ad/”>有官网The article is missing and there are many problems with Zisi, so the face of the Chinese Philosopher in modern times makes her look haggard in front of the heroine with impeccable look. In history and Chinese Confucian history works, Zisi did not occupy a proper position. With the questioning of the simplified silk writings, especially the simplified silk writings of Guodian Chu and Shangbo Zhushu, it has gradually become the focus of the academic world. Some Confucian history works also began to change the previous three pre-Qin Confucianism theory of “Confucian-Men-Xun” and introduced Zi Si Na to Confucian history. In order to clarify the relevant problems, this article hopes to further study the basics of future generations.
1. Zisi’s birth and death Product PriceAnnual Examination
Because Zisi’s birth and death year was very concerned about Zisi’s thoughts, such as whether Zisi had received teachings from Confucius, whether Zisi had been a master of Lumu, etc., he came to argue.
Xi Mu’s “Pre-Qin Dynasty, Study on the Birth and Divorce of Zisi” was analyzed in detail, and the old saying was correct. It was estimated that Zisi was born in 483 BC, and his death was no later than 402 BC, and his death was at the age of 82. In the “Zhu Zi Tongkao” by Zi Siji, he also criticized Jason Siji for eighty-two years, [①] and died in the second year of Duke Mu. He presumed that the first year of Duke Mu was 407 BC, and that Zisi died in 406 BC; he presumed that Boke died in the second year of Duke Ai, and that “Kong Qi was born in this year”, 495 BC. [②] It was more than eighty-two years old, but it was ninety years old. What the Chi family said, “In the second year of Ai Gong, Confucius recommended it to be fifty-nine years old, and died in the second year of Mu Gong, which was exactly eighty-two years old.” I wonder how to calculate it? The words of the Chih-sama are very obvious.
Because the Taishi Gong did not say the year of Zi Si’s birth, the year of his death was not yet possibleIt is confirmed, and the memorialization of the annual poverty alleviation is incorrect. This requires the comparison of historical materials to find the truth.
When Chua Boshin and Kong Deli and others tested the birth year of Zi Si, they also denied another record in “Historical Records”, that is, the year of the father of Kong Ji, Boshen. “Historical Records: The Family of Confucius” says: “Bo Yu is fifty years old.” Both families think that “fifty” is “forty”. [③] If this is the case, the birth year of Zisi can be at most ten years earlier. Confucius also used the year of Yan Zi’s death to predict the year of Bo Xue’s death. He believed that Yan Zi died in the fourth year of Lu Aigong when Confucius was traveling around, that is, in 491 BC, the year of Bo Xue’s death was earlier than or the same as that of Yan Zi’s death, so at most no later than 491 BC, so Zi Si’s birth year was no later than this year.
We believe that there is a problem with the arguments of Qi and Kong. The argument is that Bosho died in the fourth year of Duke Lu Ai and was 40 years old. We think that both of these points are worth thinking about. The “Bo Yu’s age is fifty” recorded in “Historical Records” is that the incompetent nature of “forty”. Because in the ancient characters of the Warring States Qin and Han, the writing methods of “Five” and “Four” are very different, and the situations of the two being mixed or interplayed are unlikely to appear. Therefore, the age of Bosho recorded in “Historical Records” cannot be as easy to deny. [④]
By comparing various records in a comprehensive way, we believe that Zisi’s birth year was between 493 BC and 486 BC. Because of the “Confucius·Reminder” chapter, it recorded the conversation between Zisi and Confucius:
The Master was quiet, but he was sad. Zisi bowed again and asked, “Is it true that if I don’t practice, will I be grateful to my ancestors? Do you want to be able to pass on the way of Shun?” The Master said, “How can I know my ambition?” Zisi replied, “I am not good at raising food and I am eager to hear the teachings of Master. His father analyzed the fruits and his son did not suffer any burden. He always thought about it, so he was afraid and unable to understand it.” The Master smiled happily and said, “Yes! I have no worries. If I don’t live in the world, will it be prosperous!”
In addition to this information, there are also three or four questions from Masters and Confucius. Judging from these conversations, Zisi was over seven or eight years old and under fifteen years old. Because if it is too young, it will naturally not be said such profound words; if it is too old, Confucius would not call it “the child”. “Kong Ruzi·Ju Wei” also has the saying “Ruzi” by Leshuo, who said that “Zi Si was 16 years old”, or that time, his ancestors passed away shortly after his death. In other words, in the year of Confucius’ death in 479 BC, Zisi’s age was between 7 and 15 years old.
“Traditional Notes·Tan Gong”: “Zi Si was the only one who cried in her sister-in-law, and the maid advocated trauma.” He knew that Zi Si had a sister-in-law, and since she had a sister-in-law, she must have a brother. “Tan Gong” also said: “Zi Si’s mother passed awayBaobao message board In the Wisdom, Liu Ruo told Zisi: ‘The descendant of Zi’s sages, I was watching the gifts from all directions. Is it so cautious to read?’ Zisi said: ‘Why am I careful? If you have a gift, you will not be able to do it without your money. If you have a gift, you will not be able to do it without your time, you will not be able to do it without your time. Why should I be able to be able to do it?’” He also remembered: “Zi Si’s mother passed away in Wisdom, went to Zisi, and Zisi cried in the widow. When the door arrived, he said: ‘Why is the mother of Shu crying in the widow?’ Zisi said: ‘I have passed away, I have passed away.’ So she cried in another room.”[⑤] After this, Zisi was not coming out tomorrow. Boshou may have died early and had no descendants, but only Kong Qi had one son left, and Confucius’s support was passed down from this, so the “Historical Records” recorded it. Some people think that if Bo Xue had two sons and there was a record in “Historical Records”, Sima had not released it, so he said that Bo Xue only had one son, and the “sister-in-law” here may refer to the wife of Confucius’ brother Confucius’ son Confucius. We believe that the lineages and even the relationships of the teachers recorded by our predecessors are mostly traced back from the future, and this often presents a single line inheritance phenomenon. The lineage of Confucius recorded by Sima is also like this. He was able to follow the lineage traced by Kong Anguo and others, so he did not get to Boshou’s other son.
There is also an explanation. Because the historical records only read that the son wanted to bury his mother, but he did not see the father, and he suspected that he was a burying son. Money-Si adhered to this statement and pointed out that since Zisi had a brother and Bo Yu died early, Zisi’s birth year was not as good as before, so he could not be able to receive the teachings of the Master. [⑥] We believe that it is a bit disgusting to blame the father who did not see Kong Qi bury his father. Boshou died at his fifty years old. If his brother was born at his twenty years old tomorrow, his two sons would be of such age. What’s more important is that Bo Yu died when Confucius was 69 years old, and Confucius died in the fourth year. From the above analysis, we can see that Confucius’s old age was at most seven or eight years old. [⑦]
And various documents, including the unearthed document “Duke Lumu Ask Zisi”, proved that Zisi was once Master Lumu. Of course, the so-called “teacher” here does not need to be confined to understand. From the starting point, we can see that Duke Lu Mu was very respectful to Zisi. In the first year of Lumu, according to the “History of the History of the Six Kingdoms” and “History of the People’s Republic of China” in 407 BC, or according to the money of the People’s Republic of China, Yang Zebo, Liang Bin and others, it was recommended to 415 BC. At the same time, “Kong Ruzi·Training”, Duke Lumu